Originally from Journal of American Arbitration (JAA)

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I.  INTRODUCTION 

II.  BACKGROUND OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 

A. Introduction 

B.  The Goal of ADR 

C. Differences between ADR and Litigation 

D. What ADR Is and What It Is Not 

E. ADR Uses 

F. Advantages of Using ADR 

G. The ADR Processes Continuum 

III.  REASONS FOR ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEMS DESIGN  IN THE U.S. COAST GUARD 

A. The Administrative Dispute Resolution Act 

B. The Negotiated Rulemaking Act 

C. Direction from the President of the United States 

D. Coast Guard Moving to a New Agency with a Sensitive Mission 

IV. DETAILED EXAMINATION OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION  PROCESSES 

A. Arbitration 

B. Conciliation 

C. Early Neutral Evaluation 

D. Facilitation 

E. Fact-Finding 

F. Internal/External/Sharing Neutrals 

G. Interest-Based Bargaining (IBB) 

H. Mediation 

I. Mini-Trials 

J. Negotiated Rule-Making/Regulatory Negotiation 

K. Ombudsman 

V. USING ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN CONJUNCTION WITH  U.S. COAST GUARD MISSIONS 

A. The Federal ADR Program Manager’s Resource Manual 

1.  Needs Assessment

2.  Program Design 

3.  Program Implementation 

4.  Program Evaluation 

B. Coast Guard Offices and Organizational Leadership 

C. Historical Use, Attempts, and Procedures of ADR by the USCG 

1.  Equal Employment Opportunity/Equal Opportunity 

2.  Procurement Matters 

3.  Environmental Matters 

4.  General Feedback Regarding U.S. Coast Guard Use of ADR 

VI. RECOMMENDED SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE U.S. COAST GUARD 

A. The Need for A Formal System Design 

B. Lessons Learned 

1.  Past Evaluation of U.S. Coast Guard Participation in ADR Programs 

2.  Pending Questions that Must Be Addressed 

C. Looking at the U.S. Coast Guard as a Corporation 

D. Further Use of ADR by the U.S. Coast Guard under the Department  of Homeland Security 

E. Moving Forward from the Present State 

VII. CONCLUSION