Originally from American Review of International Arbitration - ARIA

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1 29 U.S.C. § 185 (1994). See also 9 U.S.C. § 9 (1994) (Federal Arbitration Act provision generally empowering a district court to confirm an arbitration award).

2 See, e.g., Stephen L. Hayford, Law in Disarray: Judicial Standards for Vacatur of Commercial Arbitration Awards, 30 GA. L. REV. 731 (1996) (discussing the law of vacatur under the Federal Arbitration Act and Labor Management Relations Act).

3 See Erwin B. Ellmann, Michael H. Campbell & Robert H. Nichols, The Ethics of Staying Wrong, in ARBITRATION 1992: IMPROVING ARBITRAL AND ADVOCACY SKILLS 190, 204, 210 (a trilogy of essays representing arbitral, management and labor perspectives on functus officio from the Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Arbitrators) (Gladys W. Gruenberg ed. 1992). Because these three authors wrote separate and consecutive essays, each will be cited individually throughout this essay. See also David A. Dilts, Award Clarification: An Ethical Dilemma?, 33 LAB. L.J. 366 (1982).

4 Industrial Mut. Ass'n, Inc. v. Amalgamated Workers, Local Union No. 383, 725 F.2d 406, 413 (6th Cir. 1984) (internal quotation marks omitted).

5 Nichols, supra note 3, at 213.

6 BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 673 (6th ed. 1990).

7 International Bhd. of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen & Helpers of Am., Local 631 v. Silver State Disposal Serv., Inc., 109 F.3d 1409, 1411 (9th Cir. 1997); Glass, Molders, Pottery, Plastics & Allied Workers Int'l Union, Local 182(B) v. Excelsior Foundry Co., 56 F.3d 844, 845 (7th Cir. 1995); Blue Tee Corp. v. Koehring Co., 999 F.2d 633, 638 (2d Cir. 1993); Domino Group, Inc. v. Charlie Parker Mem'l Found., 985 F.2d 417, 420-21 (8th Cir. 1993); Colonial Penn Ins. Co. v. Omaha Indem. Co., 943 F.2d 327, 331-32 (3d Cir. 1991)