1. Pursuant to the IIHF By-Laws [Art. 204 (7) (a)], “If the ineligibility of one or more players is proved during a championship then the games played with ineligible players shall be forfeited”. The CAS considers that the rationale of this provision is to sanction the team having played with an ineligible player, and not to sanction, even indirectly, other teams taking part in the competition. The same rationale underlies Article 50 of the Olympic Charter. That provision also sanctions the team “at fault”.