Originally from International Arbitration Law and Practice, Third Edition

31.1. General Framework

A learned commentator has rightly listed five remedies that can be sought against arbitral awards.1

First, applications for the interpretation or correction of the award;

Second, an application to the court of the venue of the arbitral proceedings to enforce the award; Third, an application to a court of another jurisdiction for its recognition and/or enforcement there;

Fourth, challenge of the award before the competent state court through setting aside proceedings.

Fifth, institution of an action on the award; even if the award is not recognized, in some jurisdictions institution of an action on the award may be sought, or alternatively the award may be used in other proceedings as evidence as to the merits.

In some jurisdictions, a third party may also challenge an award made between other parties, when the award affects his rights. 

Setting aside proceedings in some jurisdictions are also treated as first instance proceedings. In other jurisdictions, in which these proceedings are heard by the Court of Appeal, there is a discussion as to whether they are appellate proceedings or sui generis first instance proceedings. The response given to this query may have material consequences since the rules that govern these two proceedings are different, at least in part.