1. IAAF Rule 144.2(e) states that “For the purposes of this Rule, the following shall be considered assistance, and are therefore not allowed: […] (e) Use of any technical device that incorporates springs, wheels, or any other element that provides the user with an advantage over another athlete not using such a device”. Where there is no sufficient evidence of any metabolic advantage in favour of a disabled athlete – a double-amputee using a prosthesis – due to the fact that the disabled athlete uses the same oxygen amounts as able-bodied runners at a sub-maximal running speed and no evidence that the biomechanical effects of using this particular prosthetic device gives the athlete an advantage over other athletes not using the device, the disabled athlete cannot be banned to compete in international IAAF-sanctioned events alongside able-bodied athlete.