The Republic of Ecuador and a group of Ecuadorian citizens appeal from the district 7 court’s (Leonard B. Sand, Judge) denial of their motions to stay an arbitration between 8 Chevron Corporation and Ecuador. On appeal, Ecuador argues that Chevron waived its right 9 to arbitrate and is otherwise estopped from arbitrating the claims now pending before the 10 arbitral panel, while the Ecuadorian citizens, who are not parties to the arbitration, argue for 11 a stay on various estoppel theories. We hold that Ecuador’s waiver and estoppel claims 12 should be determined by the arbitral panel, and that the Ecuadorian citizens are not entitled 13 to a stay of the arbitration based on equitable, collateral, or judicial estoppel.