Originally from International Arbitration Law and Practice, Third Edition

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25.1. Appreciation of the Evidence and Amendments
to Claims and Defences
After hearing the evidence, the parties are entitled to consider its
results and this may induce them to amend their claims or defences.
Many arbitration rules prevent such amendments or require the
arbitrators’ leave for these amendments. The rationale of this policy
is to avoid disorder and delays.
We agree with the goal of this rationale, but with a proviso.
Whenever an amendment does not cause disorder or delays, it should
be allowed since not allowing it would prevent that party from
exercising its right to defend itself, and thereby would affect the
“contradictoire” or adversarial principle.
The related principle which is referred to as “contradicere” from
Latin (without which there cannot be any due process) means the
right of each party – to make its claims or defences – i.e., to “speak” or
dicere – as well as its right to oppose i.e., “counter” the other parties’
claims and defences, thus, contradicere.