1. Pursuant to the FINA Rules, the strict liability principle is applicable in the case of a coach giving a banned substance to an athlete. The coach's act (in giving the competitor a prohibited substance) is the material and operative cause of the offence. The general ban of doping is wide enough to encompass such acts, even if they lack the subjective element of intent. 2. The Court of Arbitration for Sport has the power to review and to vary a sanction involving suspension taken by the FINA authorities. 3. In deciding the length of a suspension, it is necessary to take into account the circumstances and, in particular, the subjective elements of each case.