1. The Appellant is an international-level athlete within the meaning of the International Paralympic Committee’s Anti-Doping Code (“the IPC Code”). He is a 52 year old paraplegic shooter. He has been taking a beta-blocker called Metoprolol for many years to treat significant heart disease. It is common ground that his life would be endangered if he were not to take this drug. Metoprolol is prohibited in and out of competition in shooting under the Prohibited List which fulfils the essential and fundamental role of identifying substances which are prohibited under the IPC Code.