1. Where a third party is affected because he is a competitor of the addressee of the measure/decision taken by the association – unless otherwise provided by the association’s rules and regulations –, the third party does not have a right of appeal. Effects that ensue only from competition are only indirect consequences of the association’s decision/measure. If, however, the association disposes in its measure/decision not only of the rights of the addressee, but also of those of the third party, the latter is directly affected with the consequence that the third party then also has a right of appeal.