1. By virtue of IAAF Rule 21.9, all appeals before the CAS constitute a re-hearing de novo of the issues raised by the case, and that in doping cases before the CAS the IAAF shall have the burden of proving, beyond reasonable doubt, that a doping offence has been committed. However, the only issue raised by the present case concerns the sanction applicable in the circumstances, the athlete having apparently decided not to appeal the decision of the national federation acknowledging the doping offence. In that context, there is simply no need for the IAAF to revisit in its appeal materials the factual and scientific evidence of a doping offence.