1. There is no UCI rule or regulation whereby the existence of rEPO can be concluded only from a combined blood and urine test. The UCI’s rules do not contain any provision whereby a sample can be considered positive only if the rEPO exceeds a certain threshold. Evidence of even only minimal quantities of rEPO is sufficient for it to constitute a violation of the UCI’s Antidoping Regulations. The UCI has laid down that exogenously administered rEPO must be established using the direct test method (urine test without a blood test).