This case was brought by Alpha Projektholding GmbH, an Austrian limited liability company (“Alpha” or the “Claimant”) with its registered place of business in Villach, Austria, against Ukraine (“Ukraine” or the “Respondent”) pursuant to the Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Republic of Austria and Ukraine (the “UABIT”) that was signed on November 8, 1996, and entered into force on December 1, 1997. Article 9 of the UABIT provides for dispute resolution by means of arbitration before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (“ICSID” or the “Centre”). Austria became a party to the 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (the “ICSID Convention”) on June 24, 1971, and Ukraine became a party on July 7, 2000.