PDF of Title Page and T.O.C.

About the Author 
Acknowledgments 
List of Abbreviations 
Text and Comparison of the Act
Introduction

PART ONE: GENERAL PROVISIONS

Chapter 1, Scope of the Act; Independence and Impartiality--Section 1

1.I. Arbitration and lex arbitri 
1.II. Arbitration and the right to legal and judicial protection (European Convention on Human Rights--ECHR) 
1.III. Purpose of arbitration: The nature of arbitration according to the doctrines applied by certain selected countries
1.IV. Right to legal protection versus right to judicial protection and the importance of autonomy 
1.V. Scope of the right to a fair trial and arbitration 
1.VI. Nature of arbitration from the perspective of Czech law

1.VI.1. Contractual theory 
1.VI.2. Jurisdictional theory 
1.VI.3. Mixed (hybrid) theory 
1.VI.4. Autonomous theory

1.VII. Development and basis of the opinions on the nature of arbitration
1.VIII. Concept of arbitration in the doctrine adjudicated by the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic

1.VIII.1. Development of the constitutional opinion on arbitration until 2011
1.VIII.2. Important decisions of the ConCourt from 2002 to 2011

1.VIII.2.1. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. IV. ÚS 174/02 of 15 July 2002
1.VIII.2.2. Judgment of the ConCourt, Case No. IV. ÚS 2157/08 of 24 September 2008: Interpretation of an arbitration agreement; right to a lawful judge; free will; alternative arbitration clause--clause of choice
1.VIII.2.3. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. II. ÚS 3059/08 of 15 January 2009 
1.VIII.2.4. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. I. ÚS 339/02 of 26 January 2004
1.VIII.2.5. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. IV. ÚS 511/03 of 4 December 2003 
1.VIII.2.6. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. III. ÚS 166/05 of 29 April 2005 
1.VIII.2.7. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. III. ÚS 145/03 of 12 September 2003 
1.VIII.2.8. Resolution of the ConCourt, Case No. II. ÚS 2169/07 of 3 September 2007

1.VIII.3. Importance of the Judgment of the ConCourt, Case No. I. ÚS 3227/07 of 8 March 2011

1.IX. Arbitrability (basic concept and connection to Section 2 and sources of international origin)

1.IX.1. Objective versus subjective arbitrability and importance of arbitrability 
1.IX.2. Public non-profit health care facilities and capacity of public entities to enter into arbitration agreements

1.IX.2.1. Arbitrability of disputes involving public non-profit health care facilities (ex Section 2(1) of the ArbAct) 
1.IX.2.2. Arbitrability of disputes involving public entities

1.IX.3. Conflict with proceedings before the financial arbiter

1.X. Case law 
1.XI. Case law of the ECtHR (including the Commission’s decisions)
1.XII. From arbitration practice
1.XIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
1.XIV. Bibliography

CHAPTER 2, Arbitrability; Arbitration Agreement--Section 2

Article II paragraph 2 of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.) [Transitional provisions]

2.I. Arbitrability and the legal basis for the assessment of arbitrability

2.I.1. Arbitrability and the scope of arbitrability 
2.I.2. Legal basis for the assessment of arbitrability: Importance of the place of arbitration (connection to Section 17 of the ArbAct and Section 36(1) of the ArbAct)

2.II. Section 2(1) of the ArbAct

2.II.1. Dispute: Adversary and non-adversary proceedings

2.II.1.1. Factual dispute and dispute within the meaning of procedural law
2.II.1.2. Adversary and non-adversary proceedings 
2.II.1.3. Adversary proceedings 
2.II.1.4. Non-adversary proceedings 
2.II.1.5. The importance of distinguishing adversary proceedings from nonadversary proceedings for objective arbitrability (connection between Section 1 and Section 2(1) of the ArbAct and Section 2(2) of the ArbAct)

2.II.2. Nature of dispute as a property dispute

2.III. Section 2(2) of the ArbAct

2.III.1. General jurisdiction of courts 
2.III.2 The powers of special public authorities influencing arbitrability

2.III.2.1. Arbitrability of disputes in the energy industry 
2.III.2.2. Arbitrability of disputes in telecommunications (electronic communications)

2.III.3. Settlement and permissibility of settlement regarding the subject matter of the dispute

2.III.3.1. Definition of "settlement": Difference between the subject matter of the dispute and the contents of obligations 
2.III.3.2. Possibility to settle

2.III.4. Disputes relating to real property 
2.III.5. Arbitrability of individual employment disputes 
2.III.6. Arbitrability of disputes concerning bills of exchange / promissory notes 
2.III.7. Disputes over rights to investments in corporations and disputes over the invalidity of resolutions adopted by general meetings 
2.III.8. Capacity to enter into an arbitration agreement

2.IV. Section 2(3) of the ArbAct

2.IV.1. Arbitration agreement: Connection to subject matter regulated under Section 3 of the ArbAct 
2.IV.2. The importance of time in connection with an arbitration agreement

2.IV.2.1. Temporal limitation of the right to enter into an arbitration agreement
2.IV.2.2. Arbitration agreement for a definite period of time and other temporal limitations to the duration of an arbitration agreement

2.IV.3. Alternative agreement on jurisdiction--jurisdiction of choice

2.V. Section 2(4) of the ArbAct: Validity and subject matter of an arbitration agreement and independence of the main contract 
2.VI. Section 2(5) of the ArbAct: Arbitration agreement as an agreement binding on legal successors

2.VI.1. Assignment (universal and singular succession)
2.VI.2. Assumption of obligations 
2.VI.3. Selected examples of other situations where a nonparty to the arbitration agreement is bound by the agreed jurisdiction of the arbitrators

2.VI.3.1. The group (holding) theory (groups of entrepreneurs bound by one and the same arbitration agreement) 
2.VI.3.2. The theory of extensive and parallel effects of an arbitration agreement

2.VI.4. Guarantee obligations

2.VII. Case law
2.VIII. Case Law of the ECtHR (including the Commission's Decisions)
2.IX. From arbitration practice 
2.X. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
2.XI. Bibliography

Chapter 3, Form, Terms, and Conclusion of an Arbitration Agreement--Section 3

Article II paragraph 2 of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.) [Transitional provisions]

3.I. Essence of the arbitration agreement and laws applicable to the arbitration agreement

3.I.1. The importance of determining the nature of the arbitration agreement and procedural contracts
3.I.2. Arbitration agreement as a procedural contract in the broader sense

3.I.2.1. The concept and effects of a procedural contract in the broader sense
3.I.2.2. Capacity to enter into a procedural contract and representation in concluding an arbitration agreement 
3.I.2.3. Arbitration agreement as a condition for the main contract and the contingent contract

3.I.3. Procedural contract in the narrower sense 
3.I.4. Law applicable to the procedural contract: Substantive law versus procedural law

3.II. General rules applicable to arbitration agreements in all legal relationships (Section 3(1) and (2) of the ArbAct)

3.II.1. Sources of international origin and the concept of domestic lex arbitri
3.II.2. Section 3(1) of the ArbAct

3.II.2.1. Specific expression of will and identification
3.II.2.2. Requirement of written form and means of electronic communication
3.II.2.3. Requirement of written form under the new Civil Code (NCC)

3.II.3. Section 3(2) of the ArbAct 
3.II.4. The importance of the arbitration agreement being independent of the main contract 
3.II.5. Related rules of international origin

3.II.5.1. The New York Convention [NYConv] and the European Convention [EConv] 
3.II.5.2. Trends in the application of the New York Convention regarding the form of arbitration agreement

3.III. Special rules for consumer disputes (Section 3(3) through (6) of the ArbAct)

3.III.1. Concept of special consumer protection with respect to the conclusion and terms of an arbitration agreement 
3.III.2. Section 3(3) of the ArbAct 
3.III.3. Section 3(4) of the ArbAct
3.III.4. Section 3(5) of the ArbAct 
3.III.5. Section 3(6) of the ArbAct

3.IV. Case law 
3.V. Case law of Slovak courts 
3.VI. Case law of the ECtHR (including the Commission’s decisions)
3.VII. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
3.VIII. From arbitration practice
3.IX. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
3.X. Bibliography

PART TWO: ARBITRATORS

Chapter 4, Eligibility to Act as an Arbitrator--Section 4

Section 118 of the PIL [Capacity of a foreigner to act as an arbitrator (effective from 1 January 2014)

4.I. Scope and review of the eligibility of arbitrator

4.I.1. Temporal scope of the eligibility of an arbitrator 
4.I.2. Territorial Scope of the Eligibility of an Arbitrator pursuant to Section 4 of the ArbAct
4.I.3. Proving the eligibility of an arbitrator 
4.I.4. Arbitral award rendered by an ineligible arbitrator 
4.I.5. Nature of the duties performed by an arbitrator

4.II. Section 4(1) of the ArbAct: General eligibility criteria for the office of arbitrator

4.II.1. General eligibility criteria for the office of arbitrator: Majority and legal capacity 
4.II.2. Registration in the list of arbitrators 
4.II.3. Incompatibility with other offices
4.II.4. Qualification criteria 
4.II.5. Special requirements for experts stipulated by an arbitration agreement

4.III. Section 4(2) of the ArbAct: Eligibility of foreigners to act as arbitrators

4.III.1. Personal law of a foreigner applicable to the determination of the eligibility to act as an arbitrator 
4.III.2. New rules regulating the eligibility of a foreigner to act as an arbitrator effective from 1 January 2014 (PIL)

4.IV. Section 3(3) of the ArbAct: Clean criminal record 
4.V. Section 4(4) of the ArbAct: Eligibility of an arbitrator to hear and resolve consumer disputes 
4.VI. Case law
4.VII. From arbitration practice 
4.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
4.IX. Bibliography

Chapter 5, Acceptance of Appointment; Resignation--Section 5

5.I. Section 5(1) and (2) of the ArbAct 
5.II. Section 5(3) of the ArbAct 
5.III. Case law
5.IV. From arbitration practice
5.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
5.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 6, Obligation of Confidentiality--Section 6

6.I. Section 6(1) of the ArbAct 
6.II. Section 6(2) of the ArbAct

6.II.1. Release from confidentiality 
6.II.2. Power to release from confidentiality as a right sui generis outside the exercise of judicial power 
6.II.3. Reasons for a release from confidentiality 
6.II.4. Parties authorized to request a release from confidentiality

6.III. Confidentiality of arbitrators and Act No. 186/2011 Coll.

6.III.1. Premises and purpose of Act No. 186/2011 Coll. .
6.III.2. Discrepancy between the premises of Act No. 186/2011 Coll. and the case law of the ECtHR regarding arbitration 
6.III.3. Absence of any harmonized rules at the international level. Ministries acting ultra vires? 
6.III.4. Nature of assistance under Section 3 of Act No. 186/2011 Coll.

6.III.4.1. Request to provide assistance 
6.III.4.2. The obligation of confidentiality and obligation to provide information under the Act

6.III.5. Persons making binding decisions on the rights and obligations of others as a category of obligors under Act No. 186/2011 Coll. (arbitrators, the financial arbiter, etc.)

6.III.5.1. Specification of persons making decisions on rights and obligations 
6.III.5.2. Special regime for releasing the arbitrator from confidentiality from the perspective of Act No. 186/2011 Coll. 
6.III.5.3. Financial arbiter (excursus)

6.III.6. Vagueness and constitutional nonconformity of Section 3(2) of Act No. 186/2011 Coll.

6.IV. From arbitration practice 
6.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
6.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 7, Selection of Arbitrators--Section 7

7.I. Section 7(1) of the ArbAct

7.I.1. Selection of individual arbitrators 
7.I.2. General and special requirements for eligibility to act as an arbitrator
7.I.3. Real and effective possibility to appoint arbitrators (influence the choice of (an) individual arbitrator(s)); equality of the parties 
7.I.4. Selection of arbitrators by a third party (appointing authority) and equality of the parties 
7.I.5. Selection of arbitrators by reference to rules on arbitration 
7.I.6. Number of arbitrators

7.II. Section 7(2) of the ArbAct

7.II.1. Substitute rule in the absence of any agreement between the parties 
7.II.2. Arbitration with more than two parties

7.III. Case law 
7.IV. From arbitration practice
7.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
7.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 8, Lack of Bias--Section 8

8.I. Section 8(1) of the ArbAct

8.I.1. Basic substantive rules for the assessment of lack of bias on the part of the arbitrator and correlation with the mechanisms of protection of the parties under the ArbAct
8.I.2. Objective nature of the grounds for bias and challenge to arbitrator 
8.I.3. Correlation between impartiality (objective and subjective impartiality) and bias 
8.I.4. Acting as arbitrator and mediator in the same case

8.II. Section 8(2) of the ArbAct 
8.III. Section 8(3) of the ArbAct 
8.IV. Case law 
8.V. From arbitration practice 
8.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
8.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 9, Appointment of Arbitrator by the Court--Section 9

9.I. Section 9(1) of the ArbAct

9.I.1. Selection of arbitrator by the court in the discharge of the court’s supporting function vis-a-vis arbitration 
9.I.2. Power to submit a motion for the appointment of an arbitrator by the court 
9.I.3. Time limits

9.I.3.1. Time limit for the selection of an arbitrator by the parties 
9.I.3.2. Time limit for the court’s decision under Section 9(1) of the ArbAct

9.I.4. Jurisdiction of the court

9.II. Section 9(2) of the ArbAct 
9.III. Procedure under international treaties 
9.IV. Case Law 
9.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
9.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 10, Requirements for the Appointment of Arbitrator by the Court--Section 10

10.I. Section 10(1) of the ArbAct
10.II. Section 10(2) of the ArbAct
10.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
10.IV. Bibliography

Chapter 11, Challenge to Arbitrator--Section 11

11.I. Commentary on Section 11 of the ArbAct 
11.II. From arbitration practice 
11.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
11.IV. Bibliography

Chapter 12, Additional Circumstances, Challenge Procedure--Section 12

12.I. Section 12(1) of the ArbAct

12.I.1. Effects of the resignation of an arbitrator 
12.I.2. Challenging an arbitrator after the first procedural act on the merits 
12.I.3. Extinguishment of the party’s right to challenge an arbitrator: Importance of the moment when the arbitral award is made

12.II. Section 12(2) of the ArbAct

12.II.1. Requirements for a motion to challenge an arbitrator 
12.II.2. Nature of court proceedings under Section 12(2) of the ArbAct 
12.II.3. Autonomy of the parties with respect to decisions on the challenge

12.III. Case law 
12.IV. Case law of the ECtHR (including the Commission’s decisions) 
12.V. From arbitration practice 
12.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
12.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 13, Permanent Arbitral Institutions--Section 13

13.I. Section 13(1) of the ArbAct

13.I.1. Legal basis for the establishment of a permanent arbitral institution
13.I.2. Permanent arbitral institutions in the Czech Republic

13.I.2.1. Arbitration Court at the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic 
13.I.2.2. Exchange Court of Arbitration at the Prague Stock Exchange [Burza cenných papírů Praha a.s.] 
13.I.2.3. Arbitration Court of the Czech Moravian Commodity Exchange Kladno

13.I.3. Advantages of proceedings before a permanent arbitral institution (specifics)

13.II. Section 13(2) of the ArbAct 
13.III. Section 13(3) of the ArbAct 
13.IV. Section 13(4) of the ArbAct

13.IV.1. The so-called "arbitral centers" as entities providing organizational services 
13.IV.2. Rules of procedure versus arbitration agreement: Permanent arbitral proceedings versus ad hoc arbitration 
13.IV.3. Commencing proceedings in a permanent arbitral institution and in ad hoc arbitration (connection to Section 14(1) of the ArbAct)
13.IV.4. Seat of arbitration before a permanent arbitral institution and in ad hoc arbitration (connection to Section 17 of the ArbAct, etc.)
13.IV.5. Appointment of arbitrators in proceedings in a permanent arbitral institution and in ad hoc
arbitration (connection to Sections 7, 8, 11, and 12 of the ArbAct) 
13.IV.6. Exclusion of the possibility to confuse a permanent arbitral institution with another entity providing services for arbitrators (with respect to arbitration)

13.V. Case law
13.VI. From arbitration practice 
13.VII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
13VIII. Bibliography

PART THREE: ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 14, Commencement of the Proceedings--Section 14

14.I. Motion to commence proceedings (request for arbitration/statement of claim)

14.I.1. Contents of the request for arbitration (statement of claim)
14.I.2. Language of the request for arbitration (statement of claim) 
14.I.3. Form of the request for arbitration (statement of claim) 
14.I.4. Stamping the request for arbitration (statement of claim) with the date of service and evidence of commencing the proceedings 
14.I.5. Service of the request for arbitration (statement of claim)

14.I.5.1. Submitting the request for arbitration (statement of claim) with an incorrect arbitrator 
14.I.5.2. Request for arbitration (statement of claim) submitted to a foreign arbitrator 
14.I.5.3. Service of documents to a place different from the arbitrator's residence

14.I.6. Service of the request for arbitration (statement of claim) on the opponent 
14.I.7. Signing the request for arbitration (statement of claim)

14.II. Consequences of commencing the arbitral proceedings under substantive law

14.II.1. Application of the substantive standards and special provisions of the ArbAct 
14.II.2. Limitation of actions with respect to civil law liabilities submitted to arbitration (CC/NCC and ArbAct)

14.II.2.1. Connection to Section 110 of the CC 
14.II.2.2. Connection to Section 112 of the CC 
14.II.2.3. Connection to the New Civil Code (NCC)

14.II.3. Limitation of actions with respect to commercial law liabilities submitted to arbitration (CC/NCC and ArbAct)

14.II.3.1. Exercise of right and determination of the period of limitation
14.II.3.2. Counterclaim 
14.II.3.3. Period of limitation depending on the progress and termination of the proceedings

(a) Absence of a decision on the merits 
(b) Making a decision on the merits

14.III. Case law
14.IV. From arbitration practice 
14.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
14.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 15, Decisions on Jurisdiction, Plea of Lack of Jurisdiction--Section 15

Section 106 of the CCP

15.I. Section 15(1) of the ArbAct 
15.II. Section 15(2) of the ArbAct 
15.III. Assessment of jurisdiction in consumer disputes

15.III.1. Obligation to assess jurisdiction
15.III.2. Evaluation criteria 
15.III.3. Obligation to provide instructions

15.IV. Section 106 of the CCP 
15.V. Case law (with respect to Section 15 of the ArbAct and Section 106 of the CCP) 
15.VI. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
15.VII. From arbitration practice 
15.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
15.IX. Bibliography

Chapter 16, Effects of a Request for Arbitration (Statement of Claim) in Case of a Lack of Jurisdiction--Section 16

16.I. Section 16 of the ArbAct 
16.II. Bibliography

Chapter 17, Seat of Arbitration--Section 17

17.I. Definition of the "seat of arbitration"
17.II. Meaning of the seat of arbitration

17.II.1 Importance of the seat of arbitration 
17.II.2. Localization theory (the seat theory) 
17.II.3. Delocalization theory

17.III. Seat of arbitration; place of hearings, place where the arbitral award is made and signed; classification of an arbitral award

17.III.1. Distinguishing the seat of arbitration from the place of hearings under the ArbAct 
17.III.2. Place where the arbitral award is made 
17.III.3. Place where the arbitral award is signed

17.IV. Determination (choice) of the seat of arbitration in international arbitration

17.IV.1. Autonomy of the parties in determining the seat of arbitration 
17.IV.2. Determination of the seat of arbitration under the regime regulated by Section 17 of the ArbAct

17.IV.2.1. Choice of the seat of arbitration and arbitrability of the dispute 
17.IV.2.2. Legitimate interest of the parties in determining the seat of arbitration 
17.IV.2.3. Seat of arbitration in a case where jurisdiction is vested in a permanent arbitral institution 
17.IV.2.4. Online proceedings; Administrative Site

17.IV.3. Changing the seat of arbitration

17.IV.3.1. Changing the seat of arbitration under the ArbAct 
17.IV.3.2. Changing the seat of arbitration in international practice

17.V. Seat of arbitration and annulment of arbitral award by the court

17.V.1. Fundamental rule - jurisdiction of the courts in the seat of arbitration 
17.V.2. Exception - jurisdiction of the courts of the state under the law of which the arbitral award was made 
17.V.3. Approach under the ArbAct (connection to Sections 5, 31, 38, and 43 of the ArbAct)

17.VI. Seat of arbitration and intervention of the state (court) in arbitration under Czech law

17.VI.1. Territorial jurisdiction of the courts for exercising supporting and supervisory functions 
17.VI.2. Territorial jurisdiction of the court for depositing the arbitral award (Section 29(2) of the ArbAct) 
17.VI.3. Seat of arbitration and the law applicable to the arbitration agreement under the ArbAct; law applicable to the subject matter of the dispute

17.VII. Subjective internationalization of a domestic dispute under Czech law and in comparison with international practice

17.VII.1. Permissibility of internationalization of a dispute by the parties' choice 
17.VII.2. The seat of arbitration is abroad versus the place where the arbitral award is made is situated in the Czech Republic 
17.VII.3. The seat of arbitration and the place where the arbitral award is made are both situated abroad 
17.VII.4. Internationalization of a domestic dispute and enforcement of an arbitral award

17.VIII. Case law 
17.IX. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU): Consumer disputes 
17.X. From arbitration practice 
17.XI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
17.XII. Bibliography

Chapter 18, Equality of the Parties--Section 18

18.I. Section 18 of the ArbAct 
18.II. Case law 
18.III. From arbitration practice 
18.IV. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
18.V. Bibliography

Chapter 19, Procedure--Section 19

19.I. Autonomy in the determination of procedural rules 
19.II. Section 19(1) of the ArbAct 
19.III. Section 19(2) of the ArbAct

19.III.1. Time limits 
19.III.2. Service of documents

19.III.2.1. Service of documents during the course of the arbitral proceedings 
19.III.2.2. Service of documents in ad hoc proceedings at the international level (especially in "ad hoc" proceedings under the UNCITRAL Rules)

(a) Legal sources 
(b) Principal priority of the autonomy of the parties - importance of the parties' agreement on service 
(c) Constructive service under the UNCITRAL Rules 
(d) Last known residence 
(e) Hierarchy of the rules applicable to the proceedings in terms of the service of documents 
(f) Service of documents in the context of European civil procedure and in connection with the arbitral proceedings 
(g) Service of documents and so-called denationalized arbitration 
(h) Procedural service with an international dimension within the background of substantive law

19.III.2.3. Service of decisions under Section 23 of the ArbAct as a process integrated in the proceedings after the Amendment to the ArbAct 
19.III.2.4. Service of documents to arbitrators 
19.III.2.5. Service of documents by e-mail 
19.III.2.6. Guardian

(a) Guardian for receiving correspondence 
(b) Procedural guardian

19.III.3. Reservation of arbitrator with respect to procedure
19.III.4. Application of the rules adopted by permanent arbitral institutions based on an agreement of the parties in ad hoc proceedings 
19.III.5. Form of procedural decisions 
19.III.6. Severance of various parts of the request for arbitration (statement of claim) to be heard and resolved in separate proceedings and consolidation of separate claims

19.III.6.1. Exclusion for a separate hearing (severance of actions) 
19.III.6.2. Consolidation of actions for a joint hearing

19.III.7. Procedure regarding the taking of evidence 
19.III.8. Hearing 
19.III.9. Language of the proceedings and language of evidence 
19.III.10. Exclusion of analogy with proceedings terminated by a confessed or default judgment

19.IV. Section 19(3) of the ArbAct

19.IV.1. Oral hearing 
19.IV.2. Exclusion of the public and confidentiality of the arbitral proceedings

19.IV.2.1 Exclusion of the public versus confidentiality of the arbitral proceedings 
19.IV.2.2. Absence of universal confidentiality as an obligation of the parties to refrain from disclosing information about the hearing

(a) Diversity of approach to the confidentiality of the arbitral proceedings and the global practice of excluding the public from the hearing 
(b) Confidentiality, public access to information (definition of the "public") and permission granted to specific (third) parties to attend the hearing of the dispute

19.IV.2.3. Exclusion of the public from the arbitral proceedings and the possibility to allow other "specific parties" to attend the hearing of the dispute 
19.IV.2.4. Exclusion of the public from the proceedings and intervenors

19.V. Section 19(4) of the ArbAct 
19.VI. Choice of procedural law in international arbitration 
19.VII. Consequences of insolvency proceedings for pending arbitration

19.VII.1. Effects of insolvency and insolvency proceedings on arbitration 
19.VII.2. Effects of insolvency proceedings on arbitration in domestic disputes

19.VII.2.1. Effects of a declaration of bankruptcy

(a) Declaration of bankruptcy in the course of the arbitral proceedings 
(b) Declaration of bankruptcy after the arbitral proceedings are terminated 
(c) Declaration of bankruptcy after the arbitral award is made or becomes final and conclusive

19.VII.2.2. Procedure adopted by the arbitrators 
19.VII.2.3. Arbitration agreement binding upon the insolvency trustee

19.VII.3. Effects of insolvency proceedings on arbitration in international disputes 
19.VII.4. EU law: Applicability and scope of application of Regulation 1346/2000 to arbitration

19.VII.4.1. Scope of the issue of applicability of Regulation 1346/2000 to arbitration 
19.VII.4.2. Application of insolvency law in arbitration

(a) Application of insolvency law 
(b) Suspension of arbitral proceedings 
(c) Application of Regulation 1346/2000 
(d) Applicable provisions of Regulation 1346/2000

19.VII.4.3. Risk of different approaches adopted by certain EU Member States

19.VII.5. Priority of collective (insolvency) proceedings over individual (arbitral) proceedings as a component of public policy

19.VIII. Case law 
19.IX. Case law of the ECtHR (including the Commission’s decisions)
19.X. From arbitration practice 
19.XI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
19.XII. Bibliography

Chapter 20, Taking of Evidence; Procedural Acts--Section 20

20.I. Section 20(1) of the ArbAct 
20.II. Section 20(2) of the ArbAct

20.II.1. Support for arbitration in the Czech Republic 
20.II.2. Legal assistance with respect to foreign countries, or assistance to proceedings conducted abroad

20.III. Section 20(3) of the ArbAct 
20.IV. Case law 
20.V. Case law of the ECJ/CJEU 
20.VI. From arbitration practice 
20.VII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
20.VIII. Bibliography

Chapter 21, Additional ACTS of the Parties--Section 21

21.I. Section 21 of the ArbAct 
21.II. From arbitration practice 
21.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
21.IV. Bibliography

Chapter 22, Interim Measures--Section 22

22.I. Section 22 of the ArbAct 
22.II. Case law 
22.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
22.IV. Bibliography

Chapter 23, Termination of the Proceedings, Arbitral Award, Resolution--Section 23

Article II of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No 19/2012 Coll.) [Transitional provisions]

23.I. Conditions for terminating the proceedings

23.I.1. Rendering an arbitral award 
23.I.2. Rendering a resolution terminating the proceedings

23.II. Determination of the rights and obligations of the parties in an arbitral award 
23.III. Interim and partial arbitral awards 
23.IV. Completeness of an arbitral award and a supplemental arbitral award 
23.V. Closing the hearing of the case 
23.VI. Decision making ex officio 
23.VII. Time limit for performance under an award 
23.VIII. Form of the decision terminating the proceedings 
23.IX. The moment of terminating the arbitral proceedings and a conceptual change under the Amendment to the ArbAct
23.X. Accelerated proceedings
23.XI. Costs of proceedings

23.XI.1. Obligation to reimburse the costs 
23.XI.2. Legal fees 
23.XI.3. Fees and costs of the arbitrators

23.XII. Case law 
23.XIII. From arbitration practice 
23.XIV. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
23.XV. Bibliography

Chapter 24, Settlement of the Dispute--Section 24

24.I. Section 24(1) of the ArbAct 
24.II. Section 24(2) of the ArbAct 
24.III. From arbitration practice 
24.IV. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
24.V. Bibliography

Chapter 25, Making the Arbitral Award and Reasons--Section 25

25.I. Section 25(1) of the ArbAct: Making the arbitral award and a written execution thereof 
25.II. Section 25(2) of the ArbAct: Reasons for the arbitral award and instructions in consumer disputes 
25.III. Section 25(3) of the ArbAct: Legal basis for a decision and decision making following the principles of equity

25.III.1. Decision making according to valid law
25.III.2. Decision making following the principles of equity

25.III.2.1. Exception to the application of substantive rules in arbitration 
25.III.2.2. Distinguishing decision making following the principles of equity from the amiable compositeur procedure 
25.III.2.3. Difference between decision making following the principles of equity (ex aequo et bono) and the amiable compositeur procedure 
25.III.2.4. Decision making as amiable compositeur 
25.III.2.5. Permissibility of dépeçage (splitting) in consequence of a partial authorization to decide following the principles of equity or as amiable compositeur 
25.III.2.6. Power of the arbitrator to modify the agreement of the parties 
25.III.2.7. Decision making following the principles of equity (ex aequo et bono) and connection with valid law 
25.III.2.8. Unambiguity of the authorization granted to the arbitrators to make decisions following the principles of equity
25.III.2.9 Decision making outside the law versus decision making within a particular legal system
25.III.2.10. Contents of decision making following the principles of equity depending on the scope and manner of exercising the authorization 
25.III.2.11. Prohibition of arbitrary conduct 
25.III.2.12. Principles of decision making following the principles of equity 
25.III.2.13. Predictability of decisions 
25.III.2.14. Public policy as a factor limiting decision making following the principles of equity 
25.III.2.15. Relationship between decision making following the principles of equity and "lex mercatoria" 
25.III.2.16. Decision making following the principles of equity and the procedure pursuant to Section 136 of the CCP

25.III.3. Mandatory consideration of consumer protection laws 
25.III.4. Predictability of decisions and connection to Section 13 of the NCC

25.IV. Case law
25.V. From arbitration practice 
25.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
25.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 26, Correction of Errors in an Arbitral Award--Section 26

26.I. Manifest errors and mistakes 
26.II. Continuing obligation of the arbitrators
26.III. Method of making, form and essentials of a decision to correct 
26.IV. The difference compared to an additional (supplemental) arbitral award and interpretation of an arbitral award

26.IV.1. Additional (supplemental) arbitral award
26.IV.2. Interpretation of an arbitral award according to different legal systems

26.V. Depositing the correction of an arbitral award (connection to Section 29 of the ArbAct)
26.VI. Consequences for running of the time limits for submitting a motion to annul an arbitral award (connection to Section 32(1) of the ArbAct)
26.VII. From arbitration practice
26.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
26.IX. Bibliography

Chapter 27, Review of an Arbitral Award--Section 27

27.I. Exclusion of appeal as a principle of arbitration 
27.II. Scope and purpose of review (arbitral award / resolution on terminating the proceedings) 
27.III. Number of tribunals exercising the review 
27.IV. Commencement of the review and appointment of arbitrators for the review 
27.V. Time limit for submitting a motion to review / scope of the parties' autonomy 
27.VI. Case law 
27.VII. From arbitration practice 
27.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
27.IX. Bibliography

Chapter 28, Legal Force and Effect, Enforceability--Section 28

28.I. Section 28(1) of the ArbAct

28.I.1. Reasonable application of the CCP and change in the concept of terminating the arbitral proceedings resulting from the amendment to Section 23 of the ArbAct (Amendment to the ArbAct) 
28.I.2. Addressee (recipient) of an arbitral award 
28.I.3. Online arbitration and an electronic arbitral award 
28.I.4. Confirmation of legal force and effect

28.II. Section 28(2) of the ArbAct

28.II.1. Legal force and effect of an arbitral award and effects of a final and conclusive arbitral award
28.II.2. Enforceability of an arbitral award

28.II.2.1. Enforceability as a consequence of legal force and effect / enforceable decision under the CCP and under the ExecProcC 
28.II.2.2. Absence of the confirmation of enforceability in arbitration (with respect to arbitral awards)
28.II.2.3. The moment enforceability takes effect

28.II.3. Confirmation of service of the arbitral award on the parties for the purpose of using it abroad 
28.II.4. Legal force and effect, enforceability, and motion to annul an arbitral award

28.III. Connection between Section 28(1) of the ArbAct and Section 28(2) of the ArbAct
28.IV. Case law 
28.V. From arbitration practice 
28.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
28.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 29, Deposition of the Award and Other Documents--Section 29

29.I. Section 29(1) of the ArbAct 
29.II. Section 29(2) of the ArbAct 
29.III. Section 29(3) of the ArbAct 
29.IV. Obligation to archive documents after the proceedings are terminated by a resolution pursuant to Section 23(b) of the ArbAct 
29.V. Partial and interim arbitral awards 
29.VI. Case law

Chapter 30, Application of the Code of Civil Procedure--Section 30

30.I. The concept of Section 30 of the ArbAct 
30.II. Procedural rules applicable in arbitration and differences between domestic and international disputes 
30.III. Case law 
30.IV. From arbitration practice 
30.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
30.VI. Bibliography

PART FOUR: ANNULMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARD BY COURT AND TERMINATION OF PENDING ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS

CHAPTER 31, Annulment of Arbitral Award by the Court--Section 31

Article II of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.)[Transitional provisions], point 2.

31.I. Annulment of an arbitral award and proceedings based on a motion to annul (nature, parties, motion, conditions, and effects)

31.I.1. Purpose of and conditions for the application of annulment of an arbitral award 
31.I.2. Scope of annulment of an arbitral award: Exclusion of the possibility to annul a foreign arbitral award 
31.I.3. Obligation to supply the relevant statements of fact and burden of proof
31.I.4. Consumer disputes and examination of selected reasons for annulment ex officio 
31.I.5. Parties authorized to make a motion to annul an arbitral award, parties to annulment proceedings

31.I.5.1. Parties authorized to make a motion to annul 
31.I.5.2. Arbitrators and permanent arbitral institutions in proceedings for annulment of an arbitral award (witness, intervenor)

31.I.6. Binding nature of Section 31 et seq. of the ArbAct
31.I.7. Review proceedings (Section 27 of the ArbAct) and annulment proceedings (Section 31 of the ArbAct)
31.I.8. Final, interim, and partial arbitral awards 
31.I.9. Contents and effects of the motion to annul an arbitral award
31.I.10. Absence of any exterritorial effects of the annulment of an arbitral award / connection between court jurisdiction and the place where the arbitral award is made (seat of arbitration)
31.I.11. Special arbitration (the state as a party to arbitration)
31.I.12 Fee for a motion to annul an arbitral award 
31.I.13. International standards regarding the annulment of an arbitral award: NYConv, UNCITRAL Model Law (UML), and international practice

31.II. Section 31(a) of the ArbAct

31.II.1. Objective arbitrability 
31.II.2. Changes in the conditions of arbitrability after the conclusion of an arbitration agreement - relaxing the conditions of arbitrability 
31.II.3. Changes in the conditions of arbitrability after the conclusion of an arbitration agreement - tightening the conditions of arbitrability

31.III. Section 31(b) of the ArbAct

31.III.1. Validity and scope of an arbitration agreement 
31.III.2. Nullity of an arbitration agreement 
31.III.3. Importance of the classification of an arbitration agreement as a type of contract 
31.III.4. Res judicata and grounds for annulment of an arbitral award
31.III.5. Lis pendens and grounds for annulment of an arbitral award

31.IV. Section 31(c) of the ArbAct 
31.V. Section 31(d) of the ArbAct 
31.VI. Section 31(e) of the ArbAct 
31.VII. Section 31(f) of the ArbAct 
31.VIII. Special grounds for annulment of an arbitral award in relations between consumer and professional (B2C relations)

31.VIII.1. Generally regarding special grounds for annulment of an arbitral award in consumer disputes 
31.VIII.2. Section 31(g) of the ArbAct 
31.VIII.3. Section 31(h) of the ArbAct

31.IX. Subsection (i) of the ArbAct 
31.X. Case law 
31.XI. Case law of the ECtHR (including the Commission’s decisions) 
31.XII. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
31.XIII. From arbitration practice 
31.XIV. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
31.XV. Bibliography

Chapter 32, Time Limit for Submitting a Motion to Annul an Arbitral Award--Section 32

32.I. Section 32(1) of the ArbAct

32.I.1. Objective time limit for submitting a motion to annul an arbitral award 
32.I.2. Statutory time limit - exclusion of the possibility to pardon or postpone the time limit 
32.I.3. Commencement of the time limit - connection to service of the award, not the legal force and effect of the arbitral award
32.I.4. Consumer disputes
32.I.5. Correction of manifest errors in the arbitral award: Interim, partial, and supplemental (additional) arbitral awards

32.I.5.1. Time limit for submitting a motion to annul in case of a correction of manifest errors in the AA (Section 26 of the ArbAct)
32.I.5.2. Interim and partial arbitral awards
32.I.5.3. Time limit for submitting a motion to annul in case of a supplemental (additional) arbitral award

32.II. Section 32(2) of the ArbAct

32.II.1. Suspension of enforceability as an institution exclusively regulated under the ArbAct 
32.II.2. Threat of serious harm 
32.II.3. Grounds justifying a motion to annul

32.III. Section 32(3) of the ArbAct 
32.IV. Case law 
32.V. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
32.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
32.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 33, Dismissal of a Motion to Annul an Arbitral Award--Section 33

33.I. Concept and constitutional compliance of Section 33 of the ArbAct
33.II. Extinguishment of the grounds for annulment of an arbitral award as a result of the arbitration agreement being nonexistent or invalid 
33.III. Extinguishment of the grounds for annulment of an arbitral award as a result of an arbitrator challenge 
33.IV. Special consumer protection 
33.V. Case law 
33.VI. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
33.VII. From arbitration practice 
33.VIII. Bibliography

Chapter 34, Consequences of Annulment of an Arbitral Award--Section 34

34.I. Purpose of Section 34(1) compared to Section 34(2) and a new hearing on the merits
34.II. Section 34(1) of the ArbAct 
34.III. Section 34(2) of the ArbAct 
34.IV. Section 34(3) of the ArbAct 
34.V. Case law 
34.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
34.VII. Bibliography

Chapter 35, Termination of the Enforcement Proceedings--Section 35

35.I. Section 35(1) of the ArbAct

35.I.1. General and special grounds 
35.I.2. Section 35(1)(a) of the ArbAct 
35.I.3. Section 35(1)(b) of the ArbAct 
35.I.4. Subsection (1)(c) and (d) of the ArbAct

35.II. Section 35(2) of the ArbAct 
35.III. Section 35(3) of the ArbAct 
35.IV. Case law 
35.V. Case law of Slovak courts [SVK]
35.VI. Case law of the ECJ (CJEU) 
35.VII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
35.VIII. Bibliography

PART FIVE: LIST OF ARBITRATORS ADMINISTERED BY THE MINISTRY

Chapter 35A, List of Arbitrators--Section 35A

35A.I. Limitation of the scope of the rules regulating the list of arbitrators exclusively to consumer disputes 
35A.II. Nature of arbitration and status of arbitrator in consumer disputes in consequence of stronger public supervision
35A.III. Prospects of the institution of the list of arbitrators in consumer disputes in connection with the Private International Law Act (PIL) after 1 January 2014
35A.IV. Bibliography

Chapter 35B, Registration in the List of Arbitrators--Section 35B

Article II paragraphs 4 and 5 of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.) [Transitional provisions]

35B.I. Section 35b(1) of the ArbAct 
35B.II. Section 35b(2) of the ArbAct 
35B.III. Section 35b(3) and (4) of the ArbAct 
35.IV. Section 35b(5) of the ArbAct

Chapter 35C, Striking off the List of Arbitrators--Section 35C

35C.I. Striking off the list as an administrative decision 
35C.II. Section 35c(1) of the ArbAct: Obligation of the Ministry to strike the arbitrator off the list 
35C.III. Section 35c(2): Possibility to strike off the list

35C.III.1. Interpretation of the terms "serious" or "repeated" breach of duties 
35C.III.2. Connection between the criteria for annulment of an arbitral award and the interpretation adopted by the Ministry
35C.III.3. Service of the counterparts of the decision on annulment of an arbitral award (Section 34(3) of the ArbAct) and connection to striking the arbitrator off the list (Section 35c(2)) 
35C.III.4. Duties relating to consumer rules 
35C.III.5. Administrative discretion of the Ministry in choosing the legal consequences of breaching the duties of arbitrator

35C.IV. Section 35c(3) of the ArbAct: Possibility of a temporary striking off the list 
35C.V. Procedural aspects of the proceedings on striking the arbitrator off the list

35C.V.1. Applicable laws 
35C.V.2. Administrative proceedings at the Ministry of Justice of the Czech Republic 
35C.V.3. Review of the Ministry’s decision - appeal 
35C.V.4. Proceedings in court - lawsuit in administrative court proceedings

35C.VI. Section 35c(4) of the ArbAct

Chapter 35D, Obligations to Provide Information--Section 35D

Chapter 36, Law Applicable to the Arbitration Agreement--Section 36

Section 117 of the PIL [Arbitration agreement]

Section 123 of the PIL[Transitional provisions]

36.I. International dimension in an arbitration agreement and differentiation of applicable laws in arbitration

36.I.1. Manifestations of the international dimension in arbitration 
36.I.2. The law applicable to the arbitration agreement as an autonomous category between lex arbitri and lex causae

36.II. Correlation between the law applicable to the proceedings and the law applicable to the arbitration agreement

36.II.1. Difference between applicable procedural law and the law applicable to the arbitration agreement
36.II.2. Interrelation between applicable procedural law and the law applicable to the arbitration agreement

36.III. Arbitrability and form of arbitration agreement under Czech law

36.IV. Arbitrability from the conflict-of-laws perspective

36.IV.1. Approaches to the interpretation of arbitrability in arbitration agreements with an international dimension 
36.IV.2. Approaches to the assessment of arbitrability in international arbitration

36.IV.2.1. The conflict-of-laws method(s) 
36.IV.2.2. Procedural approach 
36.IV.2.3. Internationally mandatory approach

36.IV.3. Law applicable to arbitrability under international treaties

36.IV.3.1. Concept of international treaties and approach to the interpretation thereof (NYConv and EConv)
36.IV.3.2. Absence of arbitrability under Article V(2)(a) of the NYConv

36.V. Exclusion of the law applicable to an arbitration agreement from the scope of the Rome I Regulation and the Rome Convention 
36.VI. Consumer protection in connection with the law applicable to an arbitration agreement 
36.VII. Changes in connection with the new Private International Law Act 
36.VIII. From arbitration practice 
36.IX. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
36.X. Bibliography

Chapter 37, Applicable Substantive Law--Section 37

37.I. Law applicable to the subject matter of the dispute and approaches to the determination of the conflict-of-laws status of the lex causae in arbitration

37.I.1. International dimension in arbitration and its influence on the substantive law applicable to the merits of the dispute 
37.I.2. Choice of law and attempts at transnationalization of the law applicable to the subject matter of the dispute
37.I.3. Application of the conflict-of-laws rules and the conflict-of-laws method by arbitral tribunals
37.I.4. Connecting factors used by arbitrators in international practice
37.I.5. Subjective evaluation factors for the determination of applicable substantive law 
37.I.6. Consideration and application of non-state standards in arbitration

37.II. Section 37(1) of the ArbAct

37.II.1. Choice of law in arbitration pursuant to Section 37 of the ArbAct (first sentence of Section 37(1) of the ArbAct) 
37.II.2. Consumer protection (second sentence of Section 37(1) of the ArbAct)

37.III. Section 37(2) of the ArbAct 
37.IV. Application of EU law in arbitration

37.IV.1. Connection between EU law and arbitration
37.IV.2. Arbitration and the Rome I Regulation from the perspective of Community law

37.V. Changes in connection with the new Private International Law Act 
37.VI. Case law 
37.VII. From arbitration practice 
37.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
37.IX. Bibliography

Chapter 38, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards--Section 38

Section 120 of the PIL

Section 121 of the PIL

Section 122 of the PIL

Section 123 of the PIL [Transitional provisions]

38.I. The term "foreign arbitral award" under the law of national origin (ArbAct) and under the New York Convention (NYConv)

38.I.1. Importance of the NYConv (NYConv) and the concept of arbitration / arbitral award in the state of recognition/enforcement

38.I.1.1. Importance of the NYConv (NYConv) 
38.I.1.2. Contractual concept of the arbitral award
38.I.1.3. Jurisdictional concept of the arbitral award (arbitral award as a judgment) 
38.I.1.4. International treaties 
38.I.1.5. Connection between the NYConv and other international treaties and national rules

38.I.2. Scope of the New York Convention in connection with Sections 38 and 39 of the ArbAct

38.I.2.1. Scope of the New York Convention (NYConv) 
38.I.2.2. Concept of "arbitral award" under the New York Convention
38.I.2.3. Foreign arbitral award

(a) Territorial criterion 
(b) Functional criterion

38.I.2.4. Foreign arbitral award within the meaning of Sections 38 and 39 of the ArbAct

38.II. Recognition and enforcement 
38.III. Correlation between recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards and standards applicable to the proceedings 
38.IV. Case law 
38.V. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)
38.VI. Bibliography

Chapter 39, Refusal to Enforce a Foreign Award--Section 39

Section 121 of the PIL [Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards]

39.I. Priority application of the rules of international origin 
39.II. Rules of national origin applicable where rules of international origin cannot be applied (Section 39 of the ArbAct / 121 of the PIL) 
39.III. Section 39(a) of the ArbAct / Section 121(a) and (b) of the PIL 
39.IV. Section 39(b) of the ArbAct / Section 121(c) of the PIL 
39.V. Section 39(c) of the ArbAct / Section 121(d) of the PIL 
39.VI. Enforcement of foreign arbitral awards rendered in consumer disputes

39.VI.1. Grounds for refusal of recognition and enforcement 
39.VI.2. Enforcement of arbitral awards rendered in states with a lower degree of consumer protection 
39.VI.3. Decisions of courts in EU Member States in cases of enforcement of a foreign arbitral award rendered in a consumer dispute

39.VI.3.1. Decision of the Austrian Supreme Court (OGH), Case No. 3 Ob 144/09m of 22 July 2009: Breach of consumer protection laws does not form part of international or EU public policy
39.VI.3.2. Decision of the Polish Supreme Court, Case No. No IV CSK 200/06 of 22 February 2007

39.VII. Case law
39.VIII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
39IX. Bibliography

Chapter 40, Recognition of a Foreign Arbitral Award--Section 40

Rules effective from 1 January 2014 (PIL) [Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards]

Section 120 of the PIL

Section 122 of the PIL

Section 123 of the PIL [Transitional provisions]

40.I. Section 40 of the ArbAct 
40.II. Section 122 of the PIL 
40.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
40.IV. Bibliography

PART SIX: SUBJECT-MATTER AND TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION OF COURTS

Chapter 41, Subject-matter Jurisdiction of a Court--Section 41

41.I. General rules regulating subject-matter jurisdiction for exercising the supporting and supervisory functions of the state 
41.II. Proceedings on invalidity of an arbitration agreement
41.III. Exclusion of the application of Section 41 of the ArbAct and the rules regulating court proceedings to the procedure under Section 6(2) of the ArbAct
41.IV. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)  
41.V. Bibliography

Chapter 42, Jurisdiction of the Courts to Act Instead of Arbitrators, Juge d´Appui--Section 42

42.I. Section 42(1) of the ArbAct 
42.II. Section 42(2) of the ArbAct 
42.III. Bibliography

Chapter 43, Territorial Jurisdiction of a Court--Section 43

43.I. Section 43 of the ArbAct 
43.II. Case law

Chapter 44, Reasonable Application of the CCP--Section 44

44.I. Scope of Section 44 of the ArbAct
44.II. Method of applying the CCP in exercising the supporting and supervisory functions of courts
44.III. Exclusion of the application of the CCP to release the arbitrator from confidentiality under Section 6(2) of the ArbAct
44.IV. Comparison of the scope and purpose of Section 30 of the ArbAct and Section 44 of the ArbAct 
44.V. Case law
44.VI. From arbitration practice 
44.VII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
44.VIII. Bibliography

PART SEVEN: AMENDMENT AND SUPPLEMENT TO THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

Chapter 45, Amendment of the CCP--Section 45

45.I. Amendments to other laws implemented in the original text of Act No. 216/1994 Coll. of 1 November 1994 
45.II. Amendments to other laws implemented by Act No. 19/2012 Coll. (Amendment to the ArbAct) of 20 December 2012

PART EIGHT: TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS

Chapter 46, Proceedings Commenced before the Effective Date of the Act--Section 46

46.I. Proceedings on invalidity of arbitration agreements and on annulment of arbitral awards in the transitional regime from the 1963 ArbAct to the ArbAct (Section 46 of the ArbAct) 
46.II. Proceedings on annulment of arbitral awards in the context of the Amendment to the ArbAct 
46.III. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)

Chapter 47, Priority of International Treaties--Section 47

47.I. Scope of the sources of international origin applicable under Section 47 of the ArbAct 
47.II. Arbitration / Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Under Bilateral Legal Assistance Treaties

47.II.1. Provision of legal assistance other than in the form of the recognition and enforcement of decisions (arbitral awards) 
47.II.2. Recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards

47.II.2.1. Scope of legal assistance treaties with respect to arbitration (arbitral awards) 
47.II.2.2. Conditions for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards 
47.II.2.3. Connection to domestic arbitration laws

47.III. Relationship between the regime under the legal assistance treaties and the New York Convention

47.III.1. Conflict of sources under the New York Convention (NYConv) and the legal assistance treaties 
47.III.2. Conflict of sources under the general rules of international law

47.III.2.1. The principle of lex posterior derogat legi priori 
47.III.2.2. The principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali 
47.III.2.3. The principle of maximum efficiency

47.IV. The regime of legal assistance treaties with individual countries

47.IV.1. Albania 
47.IV.2. Afghanistan 
47.IV.3. Bosnia and Herzegovina 
47.IV.4. Montenegro 
47.IV.5. Croatia 
47.IV.6. Yemen 
47.IV.7. Cyprus 
47.IV.8. Hungary
47.IV.9. Macedonia (FYROM)
47.IV.10. Mongolia 
47.IV.11. Portugal 
47.IV.12. Romania 
47.IV.13. Slovakia
47.IV.14. Slovenia
47.IV.15. Serbia 
47.IV.16. Syria 
47.IV.17. Spain 
47.IV.18. Switzerland 
47.IV.19. Tunisia 
47.IV.20. Ukraine
47.IV.21. Uzbekistan 
47.IV.22. Vietnam

47.V. Case law 
47.VI. From arbitration practice 
47.VII. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct) 
47.VIII. Bibliography

Chapter 48, Transitional Provisions--Section 48

Article II of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.) [Transitional provisions]

48.I. Transition from the provisions of the 1963 ArbAct (the 1963 Act) to the provisions of the ArbAct (the 1994 Act)
48.II. Intertemporal rules in connection with the Amendment to the ArbAct (the 2011 Act effective from 1 April 2012) 
48.III. Amendment effective from 1 January 2014 
48.IV. Case law 
48.V. From arbitration practice 
48.VI. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)

48.VI.1. SlovArbAct 
48.VI.2. Act No. 218/1996 Coll.

Chapter 49, Repeals--Section 49

49.I. Commentary on Section 49 of the ArbAct 
49.II. Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)

49.II.1. SlovArbAct
49.II.2. Act No. 218/1996 Coll.

Chapter 50, Effective Date--Section 50

Article IV of the Amendment to the ArbAct (Act No. 19/2012 Coll.) [Effective date]

Section 124 of the PIL [Repeals]

Section 125 of the PIL

50.I. Commentary on Section 50 of the ArbAct 
50.II. Case law 
50.III Comparison with the law of the Slovak Republic (SlovArbAct)

50.III.1. SlovArbAct 
50.III.2. Act No. 218/1996 Coll.

50.IV. Bibliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Monographs issued in the Czech or Slovak Republics
II. Monographs issued outside the Czech or Slovak Republics 
III. Master's, doctoral, and dissertation theses and other qualification and scientific papers

INDEX

Alexander Bělohlávek is Founder and Senior Partner of The Bělohlávek Law Offices, Prague. He is a Member of the International Court of Arbitration at the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) in Paris as well as Member of the ICC Commission on International Arbitration and a Member of the National Committee of the ICC in the Czech Republic. He has acted as arbitrator or counsel in more than 170 international arbitrations and is listed as arbitrator with the international arbitral centers of several economic chambers in Central Europe. He has published numerous books and articles on arbitration and business law.