Before: MINER, CALABRESI, AND CABRANES, Circuit Judges.

Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Jed S. Rakoff, Judge) awarding over $4.2 billion in compensatory and punitive damages for fraud, and imposing a constructive trust for plaintiffs’ benefit over shares of a Turkish telecommunications company. We affirm the District Court’s exercise of jurisdiction over defendants, and hold that the District Court (1) correctly denied defendants’ motion to compel arbitration; (2) had jurisdiction to proceed with the case after defendants’ appeal from the denial of their motion to compel arbitration; (3) did not abuse its discretion by exercising jurisdiction over plaintiffs’ state-law claims after dismissal of the federal claims; (4) correctly held that plaintiffs’ statelaw claims were ripe for adjudication; and (5) properly exercised personal jurisdiction over defendants. We conclude, however, that the District Court failed to make sufficiently specific factual findings in support of (a) its imposition of a constructive trust in favor of Motorola Credit Corporation, a plaintiff who already had a legal remedy; and (b) its ruling allowing plaintiffs to enforce their judgment against 130 nonparties to this litigation. Additionally, we hold that the District Court’s award of punitive damages was inconsistent with the Due Process Clause and with Illinois law.

Affirmed in part, vacated and remanded in part.